05.3.12

Still More Upside for Retail Gasoline Prices

By Brian L. Milne, Refined Fuels Editor, Telvent DTN

The Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) US retail gasoline average for regular grade snapped more than two months of consecutive gains, inching down 0.2 cents to $3.939 gallon on April 9 which made it the second weekly decline in the average out of the past 16 weeks going back to mid-December.

Easing geopolitical tensions with Iran amid talks started over the weekend between Tehran and the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and Germany regarding Iran’s pursuit of a nuclear capability is weighing on the oil market early this week, with the discussions seen potentially diffusing a standoff that boosted international oil prices by as much as $20 barrel. Although reports say analysts are still doubtful that a resolution will be reached, the April 14 meeting in Istanbul produced a second meeting between the parties to take place in Baghdad on May 23 that will likely keep US crude prices in consolidation near term.

View Telvent DTNs Historical Gasoline Price Index.

There are mixed views on what a slower economic expansion in the first quarter by China, reporting 8.1% annualized growth for the first three months of the year compared with 8.9% in the fourth quarter 2011, means for global economic growth although the data initially pressured markets. Several market observers note that data aside from the headline Gross Domestic Product figure suggests the world’s second largest economy and consumer of oil remains on a strong but more balanced growth trajectory, while others argue the slower growth was engineered by Beijing to tap down inflation.

Moreover, oil demand for China, which has driven the world’s oil consumption growth rate, remains strong, with China also reported to be in the second phase of a three phase plan to increase its strategic oil reserves to 500 million barrels by 2016. The first phase, bringing its reserves to 103.2 million barrels, is filled. Construction for another 78.7 million barrels of storage capacity has been built or was scheduled to have been completed by the end of March.

US economic data has been mixed, with March’s unemployment report released earlier this month still impacting sentiment, suggesting the US economy is not as strong as some thought earlier in the year. Yet, while that’s a negative vote on oil demand looking forward this year, others point out that it increases the likelihood that the Federal Reserve will act to stir job gains above March’s anemic 120,000 new positions. Past efforts by the Fed to spur US economic growth has triggered inflationary pressures for oil and gasoline prices.

The broader oil futures market that trades on the New York Mercantile Exchange moved into the second half of April with a selloff that will pressure wholesale costs later this week should the decline hold. Ahead of that however, wholesale costs in most major metropolitan markets increased, with large gains seen in the Midwest. This should translate into higher retail gasoline prices, with a $4.00 gallon US retail average within striking distance.

About the Author
Brian L. Milne is the Refined Fuels Editor for Telvent DTN–a leading business-to-business provider of real-time commodity information services. Milne has been focused on the energy industry for 16 years as an analyst, journalist and editor. He can be reached at brian.milne@telventdtn.com.

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05.1.12

Future of Blogging as a Profession in Pakistan

Blogging is a way to express ones thought. it is probably the best thing happened to human society since the invention of printing press. Blogging takes many forms.

It can be as simple as twitter account, tweeting micro blogs. It can be a facebook update. It can be a free blog on wordpress, blogger or even tumblr. It can be as complex as having your own domain and hosting with a Content Management System.

Some take it even further and have a whole network of websites and blogs. (some folks also include mass SMS as a form of blogging) Whatever form a blog may have, Its basic idea is simple. It is to communicate what is happening around us and our opinion and feelings about it.

Blogging was seen as political/economic threat

Blogging , when it starts reporting on current issues, steps on toes of some existing institutions and professions. These institutions (media houses, newspapers, information cells of governments)  enjoyed either a monopoly or  some degree of control over the information and its presentation to masses. With introduction of Blogging in equation, they no longer enjoy same degree of control over their most important commodity. Information!

Suddenly, the playing field is level again. Authorities  are becoming  more insecure each day as they lose ability to hide things and suppress the voices of decent. Experienced journalists found themselves competing with wannabe , part time journalists like me.  They are using every mean possible to discourage bloggers and maintain their monopoly over information, which at the end of the day will be a futile effort.

Remember Printing Press. Law says,  you still need a license to install a printing machine. By Legal definitional, that printer on your desk is also a printing machine. no one cares anymore. this will be the case with blogs as well. Sooner or later everyone realize that you can not fight and idea but with and idea.

Types of Professional Blogging

 The basic test of a professionalism in a profession is Money. If you do something for love of it, its a Hobby. But if your livelihood depends on something, its your profession. Most Institutions are having a blog or two. BBC has many, Jang has one. Companies have blogs too. These companies and institutions are now hiring people to blog on their behalf. This is one example of professional blogging where one is hired to blog on the behalf of a company and get paid for it.

In my humble opinion, we see following kind of Professional Bloggers in Pakistan. I am making a list on the fly there is no particular order to this list.

  • Professional Bloggers On Salary( Few Lucky )
  • Content Writers Working on ODesk like site Or Local Software Houses(Most Educated /Exploited of the Lot)
  • Adsense Publishers / Re-Bloggers (Your average boy next door)
  • Affiliate Marketing Professionals(people with 3000+ friends on facebook)
  • Local / Current Affair Bloggers (People with a Unique Idea)

Who is making most Money?

As per my estimates, Adsense Publishers / Re-Bloggers ( People who have one or two blogs with adsense on them) are making most of the money in Pakistan. individually, they might be earning 10,000 Rs to 50,000 Rs per month but it is a huge number. Let me give you an example of Haroon Abad. It is a small city on the brink of cholistan desert in southern Punjab. About 5 hours drive from Lahore. According to its post office, every month 100-150 guys get Western Union Payments from Google. payment range is small 8000 25000 Rs each but the number of people is quite astonishing.

Most of these people like to be anonymous. They sit at home, hunt viral content on internet and then either re-write it themselves or get it re-written by someone else for 50 -100 Rs per 500 word article.  Then they reblog it on their websites and spam the hell out of it on social media sites.

There are some rag to riches stories among these people. People who make millions. But the word never gets out. They dont want to draw attention. These guys never disclose address of their website :) .  They live in constant fear of Panda Updates and SERP rank drop. They spend days after days, devising strategies to bring more traffic and find high paying keywords.

Some may argue that these are not bloggers. These people dont contribute anything to society or internet. They just get whats on internet already and Chew it and spit it back on internet. In the process they make some money for themselves and for Google too.

But so what if they do so, who cares. In a country like us, where there is no electricity and internet is a luxury, these guys are making a couple of dollars each day for their families. They are also bringing in foreign exchange. I think they are real heroes.  My Hats off the them.

PS: Googles recent crackdown on such spamlogs reduced their numbers considerably but they are really survivors. Most of them have recovered with new sites and accounts. :)

Who is Best and what Future Holds

In my humble opinion, Local / current affair bloggers are the best of the lot. These people are blogging out of passion and have made it a profession. When the history of internet will be written, their names will be at top of the list.

They are not making much money but they are making some. some of them are even making enough to make a living out of it. The Future is Them. They hold the eye balls of a majority of internet users in pakistan and as the internet usage grows , so will their Incomes. Only thing, that is holding these people down is absence of online economy in Pakistan. People who browse websites dont buy stuff online. Not because they dont want to or do not have purchasing power. Reason is as simple as 1,2, 3.

  1. they dont have credit card or method of payment
  2. there is no recourse in case of fraud by a merchant.
  3. Due to high merchant fees, it is too expensive to shop online.

The future is only bright for local bloggers when local businesses want to advertise through your blog. I dont mean just a few MNC or cell companies spending few hundred thousands to get brand exposure. I mean when people start to buy groceries online. Then whoever holds the most traffic locally will get most advertising revenue. It will be a billion dollars advertising revenue that has to be divided among local blogs. but that , i dont see happening in next 5- 10 years.  There are some basic hurdles that can be removed by simple measures. I will discus this in detail in my next post , Inshallah.

Why I wrote this Blog Posts?

Minutes ago, i was having a discussion on future of blogging in context of pakistan. We were chatting on facebook . As we all know, chat on facebook is not a very good medium to have a serious debate. So, while looking for a medium to express my opinion , I realized , i have an account on Lahore Metblogs. Also, i noted that there has not been any activity here since January. so, this post is just an ice breaker and call to all my fellows on lahore metblogs to take some time out of thier ever busy lives and post something here. it can be anything, a photo, a thought, a comment. just anything to let us know that you are still there..

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04.28.12

U.S. Gasoline Average Just Shy of $4 Per Gallon

By Brian L. Milne, Refined Fuels Editor, Telvent DTN

The national gasoline average for regular grade provided by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) is rapidly approaching $4 gallon, reaching $3.941 gallon on April 2, which was the tenth consecutive weekly increase in the average. Moreover, the average has increased in 14 of the last 15 weeks, going back to mid-December, and is up 64.2 cents or 19.5% since Jan. 2.

Judging by supplier postings at regional distribution terminals, we are likely to see a pause in the torrent higher by retail gasoline prices, with wholesale costs down in most metropolitan markets. This was especially true in the case of the Chicago, Detroit and Indianapolis markets, where wholesale costs plummeted by 19 cents or more in a week’s time.

The steep drop in wholesale costs in the Midwest comes alongside sharply higher retail prices, with gasoline pump prices above $4.20 gallon in some metropolitan areas, including Chicago. Historically, a high price for retail gasoline had reduced demand.

View Telvent DTNs Weekly and Historical Gasoline Price Index.

Another historical correlation impacting gasoline demand is high unemployment, with the most recent report on jobs in the US painting a different picture for US economic growth than was thought to be the case.

On April 6, when most markets were closed for Good Friday, the Department of Labor reported 120,000 jobs were created in March, well below the 210,000 expected, and about half the job growth pace witnessed in recent months. Some analysts are suggesting that the higher plus 200,000 monthly increase in jobs from December to February was due to mild winter weather, bringing forward new hires while reducing what would have been better numbers for March.

Despite the smaller than expected increase in new jobs last month, the national unemployment rate eased from 8.3% to 8.2%. However, that’s due to a decline in those seeking a job. The employment-population ratio dipped 0.1% to 58.5%, with the participation rate slipping from 63.9% to 63.8%. A lower number of people employed would reduce the number of individuals traveling to and from work.

One month’s data doesn’t make a trend, but the report threw cold water on market optimism for the economy, with the gasoline futures contract, RBOB, trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange sliding to a nearly one-month low.

Employment Concerns
Some analysts note, however, that a slower growth rate in US employment could prompt the Federal Reserve to embark on another round of monetary easing policy referred to as quantitative easing, which works to cut interest rates on various investments such as government bonds in an effort to push money sitting on the sidelines into play.

QE3 was thought to be unlikely in the near term, an unpopular action for many because it expands the Fed’s balance sheet and typically weakens the US dollar while also having the potential to distort markets. Previous QE activities have had the result of spurring equities and commodities values sharply higher, with some investors purchasing commodities to retain or gain value as the dollar weakens.

Recently released minutes of the central bank’s March meeting illustrated the reluctance by some members to engage in another round of QE activity. The March unemployment rate could be argued however to consider implementing such stimulus, which would, as suggested by recent history, underpin higher oil and gasoline prices.

About the Author
Brian L. Milne is the Refined Fuels Editor for Telvent DTN–a leading business-to-business provider of real-time commodity information services. Milne has been focused on the energy industry for 16 years as an analyst, journalist and editor. He can be reached at brian.milne@telventdtn.com.

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04.28.12

Merger means the new Bay Citizen will be more investigative and experimental

Breaking: The Bay Citizen wont be covering as much breaking news any more.

The merger of Bay Citizen with the Center for Investigative Reporting announced yesterday — with CIR forces coming out in charge — will mean structural changes for the nonprofit outlets. But itll also mean editorial changes, one of them being a reduction in covering the same big daily stories and subjects the competition is — at least not in the same way.

Theres so much information, theres so much newsgathering, theres so much out there, and theres so much clutter out there, CIR executive director Robert Rosenthal told me. Someone may have it first, but theres almost no such thing as first anymore. News is a commodity. Information is a commodity.

(The Bay Citizens own story on the merger puts it this way: The Bay Citizen will likely no longer cover breaking news or culture, as CIR leaders have said they see those as commodities that don’t fit the expanded organization’s core mission.)

Today, a Bay Citizen reporter might post several times a day on a breaking story or a story on the Bay Area that they were covering maybe in a unique way, Rosenthal said. Were not going to do that. If we get into a major developing story, it will be in an investigative or explanatory wayFor a beat reporter, to suddenly not have the obligation of potentially filing I-dont-know-how-many stories a day or week — it liberates you.

You know as well as I do that one of the key elements of this kind of reporting is time: time to develop sources, time to do that extra step, having the time not to be chasing deadlines, quickly running out to events that are covered by multiple other people.

Developing a focus

From its launch in January 2010, Bay Citizen took a broader approach to its coverage than many of its nonprofit peers, which tended to focus on narrow, specific areas like investigative reporting or a particular beat. Founded at a time when many were concerned the San Francisco Chronicle could close, Bay Citizen mixed in daily breaking news coverage, cultural coverage, and even sports with more investigative and enterprise work.

When the San Francisco Giants were in the 2010 World Series, Bay Citizen had author Dave Eggers attend games and do notebook drawings of players and fans. Indeed, Bay Citizen has done game stories, fan slideshows, and even fifth-inning updates from Giants games and other area sporting events — something not many other nonprofit outlets would do.

In particular, its probably not something youd see from the CIR-founded California Watch, the statewide investigative news service. The Bay Citizen will adopt an approach that parallels the guiding principles at California Watch, only on a more local level, Rosenthal said. The combination of Bay Citizen, California Watch, and CIR can give the organization wide reach.

Heres an example: Weve been looking very hard at issues on homeland security, and we have lots of data sets on a national scale, Rosenthal says. A reporter looking at that is thinking, Whats the story for California? We may [also] be looking at a national story around surveillance. Its a very flexible model.

Bay Citizen is one of three regional nonprofit news outlets to have partnered with The New York Times to provide content for the Times regional editions; the others were the Chicago News Cooperative and the Texas Tribune. The Times, in addition to money, gave status and prestige to the new local brands, plus the promise of local print readers. But the deals also committed the outlets to producing a certain amount of newspaper-ready content — stories of a certain length and covering a newspapery mix of beats — that helped define its approach. Stories were due to the Times late Tuesday for Friday publication, so stories had to be able to hold a few days. (Note: We originally said Bay Citizen stories were due to the Times on Tuesdays. Actually, while Tuesday is the first deadline in the week for a Bay Citizen story, other stories have deadlines later in the week, including some right up to the day before publication. We regret the error.)

The Chicago News Cooperative has faced challenges even greater than Bay Citizens, suspending operations last month. Of the three Times partners, only the Texas Tribune — which keeps a tight focus on matters of state government and public policy — has thrived. And the Trib is known for ignoring even big breaking news that falls outside its editorial mission. (The New York Times Texas report does include culture coverage, but its provided by Texas Monthly instead of the Tribune.)

Rosenthal said CIR is currently re-evaluating The Bay Citizens relationship with the Times, noting that the deal carries an agreement of exclusivity that raises concerns. Times associate managing editor Jim Schachter told me the partnership is mutually beneficial: An organization like The Bay Citizen is put in the same breath with the nations leading news organization, and The New York Times has a network of locally knowledgable reporters to tap for stories if something big breaks — the 2010 San Bruno gas leak is once example.

Rosenthal said CIR is currently re-evaluating The Bay Citizens relationship with the Times, noting that the deal carries an agreement of exclusivity that raises concerns. Times associate managing editor Jim Schachter told me the partnership is mutually beneficial. An organization like The Bay Citizen is put in the same breath with the nations leading news organization and gets access to tens of thousands of local Times print readers. The New York Times gets a network of locally knowledgable reporters to tap for stories if something big breaks — the 2010 San Bruno gas leak is one example.

These organizations are doing things that we ourselves are not able to do, Schachter said. The Times respects, admires, and has needed each one of these organizations to provide this journalism to our readers in local marketsThis is not saying, Were the big mighty New York Times and youve ridden on our shoulders. It is a genuine collaboration.

Multiple platforms, multiple revenue streams

The flexibility of the model may be the key to the Center for Investigative Reportings success, and its about more than a newsroom-culture shift away from the kind of crime coverage youre already going to get on the six oclock news. Freeing up reporters to spend more time digging deeply into stories is the foundation. But the real opportunity for innovation comes in experimenting with a variety of distribution methods and multiple sources of revenue. Thats at least in part because the fundamental instability of the industry is directly tied to questions about how people get information today.

Its very difficult to be ambitious and build something in a newsroom where youre getting smaller and the business model is broken — and it is broken, Rosenthal said. It has been broken. Its not the journalism thats broken, its the business model. Were in a completely different world.

The process can be very iterative, it can be messy, but at the same time you get some great ideas.

Adapting – and ultimate survival – in this new world requires deftly crossing platforms to tell stories that matter. Rosenthal bristles at the idea of having readers because CIR doesnt just produce news websites, it produces news across platforms.

CIRs revenue strategy mirrors the spirit of the diversification with which it approaches content production. Rosenthal says that the funding that flows into The Bay Citizen will, like California Watch, have multiple channels: philanthropic support from major donor efforts, content fees, fees from membership, fees from events, corporate underwriting. More opportunities for revenue translate into more journalism, which further fuels a newsrooms ability to try different kinds of storytelling.

Youre working simultaneously with the video people, youre working with a radio reporter, youre working with people who are doing interactive data, youre working with people who might be doing animation, Rosenthal says. The process can be very iterative, it can be messy, but at the same time you get some great ideasTheres a tremendous amount of involvement from everybody. Its a very lively, creative, ambitious culture.

Its also a culture that encourages ideas that might not even be discussed in a traditional newsroom. Remember California Watchs Ready to Rumblecoloring book? That came out of an investigative series on earthquake safety in schools. Next up: Puppets.

Were going to be very experimental, Rosenthal says. Were really thinking of how people of all ages get, use and want information at this revolutionary moment were all in. This is a good opportunity– a terrific, unique opportunity to be entrepreneurs.

Photo of Golden Gate Bridge by Marco Klapper used under a Creative Commons license.

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04.26.12

Retail Gasoline Tops $4 Gallon in Markets in Several States

By Brian L. Milne, Refined Fuels Editor, Telvent DTN

Based on a report delivered by the Energy Information Administration to a Senate Committee in late March, more than a dozen states have at least one community in which retail gasoline prices have topped $4 gallon.

All of California, Alaska and Hawaii are paying more than $4 for each gallon of the transportation fuel, with the pump price above $4.20 gallon for many of these locales. Consumers in most of the communities in the Pacific Northwest are finding gasoline at their local outlet at or above $4 gallon. Illinois and New York are two states in which the $4 gallon pump price is broadly found, with a smaller number of locales in Nevada, Minnesota, Indiana and Connecticut seeing the $4 price tag.

In February, the national average price of regular grade gasoline averaged $3.58 gallon, 37 cents or 11.5% higher than February 2011, and an historic high for any February. Diesel fuel prices have moved higher along a parallel path, averaging $3.95 gallon in February, 37 cents gallon or 10.3% higher than 2011.

View Telvent DTNs Weekly and Historical Fuel Price Index.

The key factor driving gasoline and diesel retail prices are the cost of crude oil inputs to refiners, explained Howard Gruenspecht, acting administrator of the EIA, in his report to the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on March 29.

EIA projects the average refiners’ acquisition cost of crude oil to increase from $102 barrel in 2011 to almost $115 in 2012, before falling back to $110 in 2013.

“Given its forecast for crude oil prices, EIA is expecting an increase in gasoline and diesel prices in 2012 of almost 30cts gallon over the 2011 average price. EIA expects gasoline retail prices to average $3.79 for regular-grade this year compared with $3.53 last year.

During the April-through-September peak summer driving season this year, prices are forecast to average about $3.92 gallon, peaking at $3.96 gallon in May.

Diesel prices are projected to average $4.15 gallon in 2012, 31cts higher than in 2011. Prices decline to $4.11 in 2013.

The increases in crude oil prices since the start of 2011 appear to be related to a “tightening world supply-demand balance and concerns over geopolitical issues that have impacted, or have the potential to impact, supply flows from the Middle East and North Africa,” Gruenspecht said.

About the Author
Brian L. Milne is the Refined Fuels Editor for Telvent DTN–a leading business-to-business provider of real-time commodity information services. Milne has been focused on the energy industry for 16 years as an analyst, journalist and editor. He can be reached at brian.milne@telventdtn.com.

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04.23.12

A Market Review and Opinion Report for The Week Ending April 2nd, 2012

  • Previously the head trader and partner of PGA Futures, Inc.
  • Has been published over 1,000 times (online and printed media)
  • Author of the book, 7 Secrets Every Commodity Trader Needs to Know, published by Traders Press, Inc.
  • Quoted/Published in Time Magazine, SmartMoney, Consensus Inc. Newspaper, Futures Magazine, 321Gold.com, Gold-eagle.com, Pitnews.com, Reuters, TradersWorld Magazine, ETVFutures.com and many more.
  • Currently authors the Weekend Commodities Review distributed to thousands of commodity enthusiasts each week and published on over 20 commodity information websites.
  • Member of the National Futures Association

Wholesale Gasoline Costs Continue Upside Push

By Brian L. Milne, Refined Fuels Editor, Telvent DTN

Retail gasoline prices in the US, which have already reached a nearly five-month high, are set to again increase as wholesale costs continue to climb on multiple factors from geopolitical risk to unexpected refinery outages.

At $3.523 gallon as of Feb. 13, the Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) regular grade retail average for the country is at the highest point ever this early in a calendar year, and during a time when seasonal demand is weak. On top of seasonal weakness, gasoline demand has been down historically, hovering near 10-year lows, with preliminary data from the EIA showing an implied consumption rate so far this year that’s 7% lower compared with the same timeframe in 2011.

View Telvent DTN’s Weekly and Historical Fuel Price Index.

On the geopolitical front, tension is building regarding Iran, which over the Presidents’ Day weekend announced that it would not ship any crude oil to the United Kingdom or France in a retaliatory move over an embargo of Iranian oil agreed to by the European Union and set to take effect on July 1. The sanctions are in response to what western nations believe is a pursuit of nuclear weapons by Iran, which Tehran denies.

Iran’s embargo of UK and France were symbolic, with the UK not receiving any oil from Iran while France had previously ended imports of 70,000 barrels per day (bpd) from Iran. Countries along southern Europe–Spain, Italy and Greece, are the largest Iranian importers within the EU, with those countries working at finding alternative sources of crude.

The greater concern is what other actions Iran might take as the sanctions tighten, including its previous threat to shut the Strait of Hormuz–a key oil shipping lane in the Middle East where nearly 17 million bpd of oil passed through in 2011. For perspective, the International Energy Agency estimates global oil demand for 2011 at 89.1 million bpd, so 19% of that oil traversed the Strait of Hormuz last year.

There’s also heightening concern that Israel is preparing an attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities this spring, which would spike oil prices.

Iran is the second largest oil producer with the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

In addition to higher crude costs, several regional wholesale gasoline prices have moved up sharply in mid-February. A string of refinery outages along the West Coast has triggered double-digit gains in wholesale costs from Los Angeles to Seattle. In Chicago, after regional cash differentials were pressed down sharply on a glut of supply, they roared back, setting up sharp increases in upper Midwest wholesale gasoline costs.

About the Author
Brian L. Milne is the Refined Fuels Editor for Telvent DTN–a leading business-to-business provider of real-time commodity information services. Milne has been focused on the energy industry for 16 years as an analyst, journalist and editor. He can be reached at brian.milne@telventdtn.com.

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03.30.12

Crude news: Never before have gas prices risen so high so early

LOS ANGELES US motorists have seen the national average for regular gasoline rise above $3.50 a gallon in just three different years, but it has never happened this early.

The national average hit $3.523 a gallon, the Energy Department said this week, up 4.1 cents from a week earlier. Analysts said the early price shocker is likely a sign that pain at the pump will rise to some of the highest levels ever this year.

This definitely sets the stage, potentially, for much higher prices later this year, said Brian Milne, refined-fuels editor for Telvent DTN, a commodity information services firm. Theres a chance that the US average tops $4 a gallon by June, with some parts of the country approaching $5 a gallon.

Even in 2008, the year that average gasoline prices hit records above $4 nationally and in California during the summer, the US average didnt climb above $3.50 until April 21, according to the Energy Departments weekly survey of service stations. The $3.50 mark also was breached last year, but not until March 6.

This time, the dubious milestone was hit weeks before prices usually rise because of refineries typically shutting down for spring maintenance, and weeks before the prices rise again when states switch from less expensive winter blends of gasoline to more complicated and more expensive summer blends.

California motorists arent likely to summon much sympathy for drivers in other states. They are paying an average of $3.835 for a gallon of regular gas, up 7.7 cents from a week earlier. In the past, the states average had never topped the $3.80 mark before March. And February is usually a month when prices fall.

There are plenty of reasons for the high prices, and lots of reasons to expect a big price surge in the spring, said Tom Kloza, chief oil analyst for Oil Price Information Service.

Early February crude oil prices are higher than theyve ever been on similar calendar dates through the years, and the price of crude sets the standard for gasoline prices, Kloza said.

In addition, several refineries have been mothballed in recent months, he said, and some of those refineries represented the key to a smooth spring transition from winter-to-spring gasoline. The annual change in gasoline formulas is mandated by pollution-fighting regulations.

Some cities, including Los Angeles and New York, already are closing in on $4 a gallon, said Patrick DeHaan, senior petroleum analyst for GasBuddy.com, a website that tracks gasoline prices.

The high cost has inspired considerable disgust among drivers like Stanley Moore, who paid $3.85 a gallon at an Arco station in San Pedro, Calif.

Moore, a child-welfare social worker, was on his mobile phone at the gas station Monday, patting pockets for a pen and a scrap of paper to write down a name, until he realized he could just write the name in the grime on the hood of his gray 1999 Nissan Sentra; it was that dirty.

I used to wash it pretty often, take a little pride in how it looked, said Moore, who thinks he last had it washed shortly after Labor Day. All that money goes right into the gas tank now. Every year it gets worse.

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    03.24.12

    Bullish Geopolitics Overpower Bearish Gasoline Demand

    By Brian L. Milne, Refined Fuels Editor, Telvent DTN

    The Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) US average price for regular grade gasoline spiked to a $3.721 gallon 8-1/2 month high on Feb. 27, and is poised for a further advance despite mixed wholesale costs in early March. Retail prices have never been this high this early in a calendar year, and the run-up is now provoking comparisons with the infamous price spike in 2008 to the $4.114 gallon all-time high reached in July of that year and ahead of the credit crisis and the worst days of the Great Recession.

    The price surge is also coming in front of an historic presidential election in November, and there are increasing calls for a political response to this economic issue, understanding voter’s angst to high gasoline prices. One suggestion would be to draw from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which has 696 million barrels of crude oil. The SPR was last drawn on in 2011 during an international effort to offset lost crude oil production from Libya at the time during their civil war.

    View Telvent DTNs Weekly and Historical Gasoline Price Index.

    The early 1970s Arab oil embargo that prompted gasoline rationing in the US gave birth to the SPR. Other countries have strategic reserves as well, with members of the International Energy Agency, which the US is part of, requiring county members to hold supply of crude or finished products such as gasoline in reserve in the event of a major supply disruption. In addition to last year’s draw on strategic reserves, the IEA coordinated with its members to release supply to the US following hurricanes Katrina and Rita.

    The SPR however is meant only to be tapped in the event of a supply disruption. The strategic supply is not meant to be used to lower fuel prices.

    Domestic Solutions?
    Meanwhile, the US has an increasingly growing supply of oil in its heartland, benefiting from hydraulic fracturing that has unearthed a light shale oil in places such as the Bakken formation in Montana and South Dakota, and from greater amounts of oil sands from Canada. The oil is mostly landlocked, available only to Midwest refineries outside of oil barged down rivers or railed to Louisiana for instance.

    Several features have underpinned the 2012 rally in gasoline prices, including an improving outlook for the US economy. Meanwhile, global oil demand continues to rise despite lower consumption in Europe and weak demand in the US, driven by emerging economies in Asia and South America. What was seen as a sufficient buffer in spare capacity has also narrowed amid conflicts in Syria and Sudan.

    Clearly the biggest driver has been the increasing rhetoric surrounding Iran and what Western nations believe to be the country’s drive to nuclear weapons, which it denies. Iran has threatened to close the key shipping lane the Strait of Hormuz should it feel threatened, while a military strike against Iran’s nuclear facilities has not been ruled out by the United States.

    The anxiety created by this scenario might linger for weeks or longer, and was on full display on March 1 when there were false reports of a pipeline explosion in Saudi Arabia, which has promised to plug any shortfall of Iranian oil. The markets spiked on the news before the reports, which came from an Iranian news service, were later determined to be false.

    Meanwhile, gasoline demand in the US is lower than at any time in more than a decade. During the first eight weeks of 2012, gasoline demand is down 6.9% against the same timeline in 2011 according to data from the EIA.

    About the Author
    Brian L. Milne is the Refined Fuels Editor for Telvent DTN–a leading business-to-business provider of real-time commodity information services. Milne has been focused on the energy industry for 16 years as an analyst, journalist and editor. He can be reached at brian.milne@telventdtn.com.

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    03.23.12

    Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry Outlook in Asia Pacific, 2012 Capacity …

    NEW YORK, March 14, 2012

    NEW YORK, March 14, 2012 #xA0;/PRNewswire/ — Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

    Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry Outlook in Asia Pacific, 2012 Capacity Analysis, Forecasts and Details of All Operating and Planned Storage Terminals to 2015

    http://www.reportlinker.com/p0444328/Oil-and-Chemicals-Storage-Industry-Outlook-in-Asia-Pacific-2012-Capacity-Analysis-Forecasts-and-Details-of-All-Operating-and-Planned-Storage-Terminals-to-2015.html#utm_source=prnewswireutm_medium=prutm_campaign=Oil_and_G

    Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry Outlook in Asia Pacific, 2012 Capacity Analysis, Forecasts and Details of All Operating and Planned Storage Terminals to 2015

    Summary

    Asia Pacific

    Asia Pacific

    Asia Pacific

    Asia Pacific

    This report is built using data and information sourced from proprietary databases, primary and secondary research and in-house analysis by GlobalDatas team of industry experts.

    Scope

    - Updated information relating to all active and planned oil and chemicals storage terminals- Provides historical data from 2005 to 2011, forecast to 2015- Information on operator and commodity information for all active and planned oil and chemicals storage terminals- Identifies key trends and issues in the oil and chemicals storage industry- Information on the top companies in the sector including business description, strategic analysis. Key companies covered are Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, China Petroleum Chemical Corporation and Korea National Oil Corporation – Strategy changes, RD projects, corporate expansions and contractions and regulatory changes.- Key mergers and acquisitions, partnerships, private equity investments and IPOs.

    Reasons to buy

    - Obtain the most up to date information available on storage terminals in Asia Pacific- Identify growth segments and opportunities in Asia Pacifics oil storage industry- Facilitate market analysis and forecasting of future industry trends.- Facilitate decision making on the basis of strong historical and forecast capacity data – Assess your competitors oil storage terminal network and its capacity- Understand and respond to your competitors business structure, strategy and prospects.- Develop strategies based on the latest operational, financial, and regulatory events. – Do deals with an understanding of how competitors are financed, and the mergers and partnerships that have shaped the market.- Identify and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the leading companies in Asia Pacific. 1 Table Of Contents1 Table Of Contents 21.1 List Of Tables 61.2 List Of Figures 82 Introduction 92.1 What is this Report About? 92.2 How to Use this Report? 92.3 Market Definitions 93 Asia Pacific Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry 103.1 Asia Pacific Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Key Data 103.2 Asia Pacific Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry #x2013; Key Trends, Drivers and Challenges 103.2.1 Asia Pacific Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Key Trends and Drivers 113.3 Asia Pacific Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Storage Operations 123.3.1 Asia Pacific Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Total Storage Capacity 123.4 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, China 133.4.1 China, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 133.5 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Japan 223.5.1 Japan, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 223.6 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Republic of Korea 243.6.1 Republic of Korea, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 253.7 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Indonesia 263.7.1 Indonesia, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 273.8 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, India 343.8.1 India, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 343.9 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Singapore 383.9.1 Singapore, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 393.10 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Australia 403.10.1 Australia, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 403.11 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Georgia 433.11.1 Georgia, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 433.12 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Thailand 443.12.1 Thailand, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 443.13 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Pakistan 453.13.1 Pakistan, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 453.14 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Malaysia 473.14.1 Malaysia, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 483.15 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Vietnam 493.15.1 Vietnam, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 503.16 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Philippines 513.16.1 Philippines, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 513.17 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Kazakhstan 523.17.1 Kazakhstan, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 523.18 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Azerbaijan 523.18.1 Azerbaijan, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 533.19 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Brunei Darussalam 533.19.1 Brunei Darussalam, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 533.20 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Papua New Guinea 543.20.1 Papua New Guinea, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 543.21 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Sri Lanka 543.21.1 Sri Lanka, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 553.22 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Taiwan 553.22.1 Taiwan, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 553.23 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, New Zealand 563.23.1 New Zealand, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 563.24 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Cambodia 573.24.1 Cambodia, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 573.25 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Laos 573.25.1 Laos, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 583.26 Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Maldives 583.26.1 Maldives, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity 583.27 Asia Pacific Oil and Chemicals Storage Industry, Planned Terminals 594 Profile of Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation 624.1 Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, Key Information 624.2 Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, Company Overview 624.3 Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, Business Description 624.3.1 Business Overview 624.4 Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, SWOT Analysis 644.4.1 Overview 644.4.2 Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation Strengths 644.4.3 Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation Weaknesses 654.4.4 Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation Opportunities 654.4.5 Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation Threats 665 Profile of China Petroleum Chemical Corporation 685.1 China Petroleum Chemical Corporation, Key Information 685.2 China Petroleum Chemical Corporation, Company Overview 685.3 China Petroleum Chemical Corporation, Business Description 685.3.1 Business Overview 685.3.2 Chemicals 695.3.3 Exploration and Production 695.3.4 Marketing and Distribution 705.3.5 Others 715.3.6 Refining 715.4 China Petroleum Chemical Corporation, SWOT Analysis 725.4.1 Overview 725.4.2 China Petroleum Chemical Corporation Strengths 735.4.3 China Petroleum Chemical Corporation Weaknesses 745.4.4 China Petroleum Chemical Corporation Opportunities 755.4.5 China Petroleum Chemical Corporation Threats 766 Profile of Korea National Oil Corporation 786.1 Korea National Oil Corporation, Key Information 786.2 Korea National Oil Corporation, Company Overview 786.3 Korea National Oil Corporation, Business Description 786.3.1 Business Overview 786.3.2 Financing 796.3.3 Oil Resource Development 796.3.4 Rig Operation 796.3.5 Stockpiling of oil 806.4 Korea National Oil Corporation, SWOT Analysis 806.4.1 Overview 806.4.2 Korea National Oil Corporation Strengths 816.4.3 Korea National Oil Corporation Weaknesses 826.4.4 Korea National Oil Corporation Opportunities 826.4.5 Korea National Oil Corporation Threats 837 Financial Deals Landscape 857.1 Detailed Deal Summary 857.1.1 Acquisition 857.1.2 Private Equity 917.1.3 Equity Offerings 937.1.4 Debt Offerings 957.1.5 Partnerships 998 Recent Developments 1038.1 Strategy and Business Expansion 1038.1.1 Dec 08, 2011: Benalec Holdings And Rotary Engineering Sign MoU For Deepwater Storage Terminal In Tanjung Piai 1038.1.2 Jul 15, 2011: Sinochem To Construct Crude Oil Depots In Yingkou City, China 1038.1.3 Apr 04, 2011: Merletti Partners Forms Strategic Alliance With Rose Rock For Petrochemical Import Terminal In Tianjin, China 1038.1.4 Apr 04, 2011: Shell Plans New Diesel Import And Storage Facility For Newscastle In Australia 1048.2 Other Significant Developments 1058.2.1 Jan 30, 2012: Tethys Petroleum Announces Inauguration Of Aral Oil Terminal At Kazakhstan 1058.2.2 Jan 23, 2012: GAIL To Invest $1.8 Billion In Fiscal 2013 1058.2.3 Dec 27, 2011: Persero To Build Fuel Terminal Facilities For Island Of Sambu 1058.2.4 Dec 23, 2011: PTT Appoints Sihasak Phuangketkeow To Its Board 1068.2.5 Dec 08, 2011: GAIL Ties Up $100m Loan From Bank Of Tokyo 1068.2.6 Nov 30, 2011: PTT Director Surapit Kirtiputra Resigns 1068.2.7 Nov 22, 2011: PTT Announces Resignation Of Sommai Khowkachaporn As Independent Director 1068.2.8 Nov 04, 2011: PTT Announces Board Changes 1078.2.9 Nov 01, 2011: PTT Independent Director Bhasana Premanode Resigns 1078.2.10 Oct 20, 2011: PetroChinas Supervisory Committee Chairman Chen Ming Resigns 1078.2.11 Oct 11, 2011: PTT Announces Management Changes 1078.3 New Contracts Announcements 1088.3.1 Jul 27, 2011: Punj Lloyd Wins INR3.3 Billion Contract From Indian Strategic Petroleum 1088.3.2 Jul 26, 2011: KNM And Zecon Sign HoAs With GAP For Multiple Projects 1088.3.3 May 16, 2011: ENGlobal Secures Control Systems Project From CPC 1108.3.4 Mar 23, 2011: Clough AMEC Secures Oil Search Kumul Marine Terminal Contract 1118.3.5 Feb 23, 2011: Hemkunt Petroleum Secures LPG Bottling Contract From HPCL 1119 Appendix 1129.1 Abbreviations 1129.2 Methodology 1129.2.1 Coverage 1129.2.2 Secondary Research 1139.2.3 Primary Research 1139.3 Contact Us 1149.4 Disclaimer 1141.1 List Of TablesTable 1: Asia-Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Key Statistics, 2011 10Table 2: Asia-Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity by Country (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 12Table 3: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in China (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 13Table 4: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in China (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.1) 14Table 5: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in China (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.2) 15Table 6: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in China (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.3) 16Table 7: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in China (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.4) 17Table 8: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in China (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.5) 18Table 9: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in China (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.6) 19Table 10: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in China (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.7) 20Table 11: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in China (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.8) 21Table 12: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Japan (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 22Table 13: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Japan (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.1) 23Table 14: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Japan (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.2) 24Table 15: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Republic of Korea (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 25Table 16: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Republic of Korea (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.1) 26Table 17: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Indonesia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 27Table 18: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Indonesia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.1) 28Table 19: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Indonesia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.2) 29Table 20: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Indonesia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.3) 30Table 21: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Indonesia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.4) 31Table 22: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Indonesia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.5) 32Table 23: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Indonesia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.6) 33Table 24: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in India (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 34Table 25: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in India (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.1) 35Table 26: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in India (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.2) 36Table 27: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in India (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.3) 37Table 28: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in India (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.4) 38Table 29: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Singapore (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 39Table 30: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Australia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 40Table 31: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Australia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.1) 41Table 32: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Australia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.2) 42Table 33: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Georgia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 43Table 34: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Thailand (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 44Table 35: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Pakistan (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 45Table 36: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Pakistan (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.1) 46Table 37: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Pakistan (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.2) 47Table 38: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Malaysia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 48Table 39: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Malaysia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 (Contd.1) 49Table 40: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Vietnam (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 50Table 41: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Philippines (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 51Table 42: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Kazakhstan (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 52Table 43: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Azerbaijan (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 53Table 44: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Brunei Darussalam (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 53Table 45: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Papua New Guinea (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 54Table 46: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Sri Lanka (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 55Table 47: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Taiwan (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 55Table 48: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in New Zealand (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 56Table 49: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Cambodia (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 57Table 50: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Laos (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 58Table 51: Asia Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity in Maldives (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 58Table 52: Asia Pacific Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity of Planned Terminals (Thousand M3), 2012-2015 59Table 53: Asia Pacific Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity of Planned Terminals (Thousand M3), 2012-2015 (Contd.1) 60Table 54: Asia Pacific Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity of Planned Terminals (Thousand M3), 2012-2015 (Contd.2) 61Table 55: Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, Key Facts 62Table 56: Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, SWOT Analysis 64Table 57: China Petroleum Chemical Corporation, Key Facts 68Table 58: China Petroleum Chemical Corporation, SWOT Analysis 73Table 59: Korea National Oil Corporation, Key Facts 78Table 60: Korea National Oil Corporation, SWOT Analysis 81Table 61: Sinomart KTS Development To Acquire 50% Interest In Ningbo Shihua Crude Oil Terminal From Sinopec For $27.3 Million 85Table 62: Sinomart KTS Development To Acquire 50% Interest In Qingdao Shihua Crude Oil Terminal From Sinopec For $92.2 Million 86Table 63: Sinomart KTS Development To Acquire 50% Interest In Tianjin Port Shihua From Sinopec For $55 Million 87Table 64: Sinomart KTS Development To Acquire 50% Interest In Rizhao Shihua From Sinopec For $67.3 Million 88Table 65: Sinomart KTS Development To Acquire 90% Interest In Tangshan Caofeidian Shihua From Sinopec For $43 Million 89Table 66: China Aviation Oil (Singapore) To Acquire 26% Stake In Oilhub Korea Yeosu For $28.8 Million 90Table 67: IOT Infrastructure To Raise $87.6 Million Investment From Private Equity Firms 91Table 68: Indian Oiltanking To Receive $87.5 Million In Private Equity 92Table 69: Ruifeng Petroleum Chemical Holdings Plans Private Placement Of Securities For $629 Million 93Table 70: Dialog Group Announces Rights Offering Of Shares For $213.9 Million 94Table 71: Shenzhen Chiwan Petroleum Supply Base Announces Public Offering Of Notes Due 2016 For $62.7 Million 95Table 72: Sinopec Plans Public Offering Of 3% Convertible Bonds For $4,683.5 Million 95Table 73: Sinopec Plans Public Offering Of Bonds For $3,122.3 Million 96Table 74: Reliance Port and Terminals Announces Private Placement Of 10.4% Bonds Due 2021 For $312.5 Million 97Table 75: SOCAR Announces Private Placement Of Eurobonds For $500 Million 98Table 76: Benalec Holdings Berhad Enters Into Memorandum Of Understanding With Rotary Engineering 99Table 77: Louis Dreyfus Highbridge Energy Forms Joint Venture With Zhejiang Zhong Ao Energy 100Table 78: Centralised Terminals To Form Joint Venture With China Aviation Oil 101Table 79: Dialog Group To Form Joint Venture With Johor Government 101Table 80: Tethys Petroleum Enters Into Joint Venture Agreement With Eurasia Gas 1021.2 List Of FiguresFigure 1: Asia-Pacific, Oil and Chemicals Storage Capacity by Country (Thousand M3), 2005-2015 12

    Companies mentioned

    Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation

    China Petroleum Chemical Corporation

    Korea National Oil Corporation

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